Studies show that reducing body temperature may improve performance even in relatively temperate conditions. We’ve known that physiology for a long time, but it wasn’t until recently that athletes started making cooling techniques a top priority. All around the world, in all different sports, there is something big happening. We are witnessing a cooling revolution.
The Tour de France is the world’s best field experiment for endurance performance. What did we learn in 2022?
A new study reviewed the literature on how underfueling and overreaching may be intertwined in some cases, but not in all. The findings have big implications for how we talk about the nuanced world of training load and fueling in endurance sports.
A recent webinar gathered some of the world’s top running researchers to talk about downhill running. Let’s review four incredibly cool takeaways!
A 2022 study in Sports Medicine reviewed the fascinating field of minimal-dose resistance training. Even very small strength training stimuli can lead to major benefits in the general population when done consistently over time. Here's why.
Media coverage is booming, athletes are rapidly improving, thoughts on heat, and more. Here's a breakdown of some of the 2022 highlights.
The key to running fast is learning to run slow. But what does it mean, and how do you do it? Here's your guide to running easy.
Conventional wisdom is that athletes get slower while racing longer distances, particularly ultras. But does it have to be that way?
The Western States 100 is the Super Bowl of US trail running. It’s hard and hot, and it presents unique problems for all athletes. These 10 race-day tips are designed to help athletes solve those problems, and they may help you excel at any ultra.
Aid stations are a challenge that new ultrarunners have to adapt to. Here's how to maximize efficiency and also aid station benefit.
After ultramarathons, the body undergoes numerous physiological changes. A wonderful new study examined how those changes vary across athletes. While there are many similarities, the variance between men and women points toward very cool ideas for future physiology studies and training theory.
A new study compared two weeks of higher volume training versus two weeks of higher intensity training. The findings could have important implications for how athletes think about training interventions.
Workouts can be daunting, both physically and psychologically. Here's how to prepare so you're sure to feel good.
When you’re getting ready for a key event, a big training effort can spur neuromuscular and musculoskeletal breakthroughs. The Hill Beast workout can make the legs and the brain indestructible. Let’s dive into the evolution of a training theory.
Strong, repeatable downhill running is a major factor predicting trail running performance. So how can athletes improve how their physiology responds to downhills? An amazing 2020 review study provides some clues that can inform training theory.
Heat training may improve performance in all conditions. This article provides a practical guide for how to get heat training benefits without overstressing your body, whether your goal is just to feel better on hot days or to excel at Western States.
Mid-race fueling is a hotly debated topic, with different approaches working for everyone. But emerging science may validate what some of the best athletes do in practice--consume more calories than is traditionally suggested. Is it worth experimenting with 400+ calories per hour? Let’s break it down.
If you are tired and looking for ideas, try one of these anytime, anyplace workouts, after a 15-minute warm-up of easy running.
A 2021 study gathered data on what nutrition runners consumed before and during a 24-hour ultra run. Quantity of carbohydrates leading up to the event and during the event both correlated with performance outcomes. What does that mean for long races? Keep the carbs coming.
Here are three of the biggest factors to keep in mind when it comes to succeeding at your first 100-mile race.
An emerging field of study takes a fascinating approach, using race performances themselves as the dependent variables. What are the attributes of an athlete who has the most success in trail and ultra races? The answer involves speed, strength, and ... maybe some luck. Let’s dive into a wildly fun area of research.
There is staggering variation in how each of us can experience the world inside of our own heads. Mental health treatment can vary from non-clinical practices to talk therapy to medication and so much more—and no treatment should have any stigma. You are enough and you are loved, as you are, always.
A wonderful new review article analyzed the literature and online resources to summarize the training that makes athletes into the best in the world. It's got everything: easy running, workout structure, season design, tapers, and so much more. Let’s dive into one of the most incredible articles ever.
Hiking is an amazing opportunity in trail races. Coolest of all? No matter where you live, you can become a stellar hiker by adding a small number of treadmill sessions.
Three science-backed tips for creating a training system that supports long-range athletic goals and progress.
Fascinating studies from rugby show that positive reinforcement before and after matches can increase testosterone and reduce cortisol, along with improving performance. What are the implications for how we discuss training and racing?
There isn't a lot of research into the relationship between yoga and running performance. But it provides a few key elements for runners.
Some exercise physiology studies show quick improvement in athletes introducing just a few weeks of 30-second intervals. Does that mean all athletes might benefit from applying the principles of speed development? The answer could have major implications for how you think about structuring a training week.
Spring might be right around the corner, but winter weather is persisting in many places. Here's what to remember when running outside in the cold.
An incredible study from 2014 found that simple self-talk training and intervention can improve performance. What might happen when those psychology-influenced performance gains interact with physiological adaptations over multiple training cycles? My theory: our internal dialogues may hold one of the keys to unlocking breakthroughs.
Join Trail Runner editor in chief Zoë Rom and columnist/coach David Roche for everything you need to know to run your first trail race!
What happens when you do a race that pushes your physiology beyond the horizon, only to realize that you’re not even halfway done? The new frontier of 200 mile racing is exciting, but can also be scary and overwhelming. This training plan hopes to make it a bit less scary. You have permission to remain overwhelmed.
A perfectly designed training program might aim to have ideal intensity distributions. But what happens to a perfect program when you add hills? The answer to that question can lead to fitness breakthroughs... or collapses.
Tempo runs are a key part of trail training, especially if you're preparing for a race. Here's how to do them.
6+ hours of biking a day? Ultrarunning? 2 rest days every week? 5 straight threshold workouts? Let’s explore the exciting training principles of a world-record holder, which could have lessons for all endurance athletes. And no matter what, it is extremely cool.
Some athletes from Norway are using variations of intensity-controlled threshold training, double-workouts, and focused specific work to great success on the international stage. The approach has important takeaways for all athletes. Let’s take a deep dive into some training theory.
Nani Beags is 15 years, 8 months old, and she still joyously runs a few miles most days. There are lessons for all of us, even if we have two legs and a butt that is adept at quitting.
Hard workouts are important in the weeks leading up to a goal race. Use these examples to get yourself race-day ready.
One of our favorite semi-structured workouts involves short, controlled intervals within an easy/moderate aerobic run. The easy/moderate fartlek can work for any athlete looking for a fun way to level up their aerobic efficiency. Here’s how it works.
There are a variety of medications you can take to help yourself sleep, but what impact do sleep aids have on athletic performance?
Sports can be cruel. And that’s why they are magic.
There's conflicting evidence (both scientific and anecdotal) about the impacts of alcohol on athletic performance. Here's a refresher.
An overview of the biomechanics of hill running, how and when to do hill intervals, and why they'll make you stronger.
The 12-week plan provides a range of mileage options starting at 31 to 65 weekly miles and reaching 50 to 95 weekly miles, including weekly workouts and guidance, geared toward supporting peak performance and long-term growth.
Wrist-based heart rate monitors are notoriously inaccurate...except when they're not? Here's how to keep the conflicting data in perspective.
The December 2021 study shows large amounts of individual variation across different phases of the menstrual cycle.
Some athletes swear by compression socks, shorts and sleeves. But are there real pros and cons to compression?
Hiking doesn't feel as glamorous as prancing along ridgelines or bombing down hills, but it can make you a faster and more efficient runner.
Stop, put your hands on your knees, and take some deep breaths after an exhausting year. You earned it, and according to a 2019 study, it works.
In running, there's often a perception of what the "ideal" body type looks like. We want to break that stigma for all runners.
The holidays are idealized as a happy, peaceful time of year. But it's okay if it doesn't feel that way, around the holidays or anytime.
Gut microbes play a big role in athletics, and the microbiome could be positively impacted by behavior changes and supplements. Let’s dive into some smelly science.
For a quality workout, at what temperature should you run on a treadmill or brave the cold?
A heavy emphasis on long runs could have lower reward and higher risk for athletes that are not within a training block for longer races.
Here are some mental tips and low-key workouts for making easy treadmill miles less "blah" and more "woohoo!"
Do we burn more or less energy running in the cold versus running in the heat, and should there be any relative change to our calorie intake?
These gifts are 11 research-backed options for an athlete looking to push their performance limits.
Insecurities are real. Doubts happen. But that doesn't mean you should be afraid to go after lofty ambitions.
Morning soreness is part of being an athlete, and it’s usually not a cause for alarm.
A November 2021 study uses a fascinating research design to test different types of periodization over a 16-week training cycle.
There's a time and place for pushing to your very limits, but lower-intensity, consistent training might be more effective in the long run.
You can wear whatever you want when you run, but letting your body get too cold may increase injury risk and reduce performance, in addition to being way less cozy.
The track can present an opportunity to build speed, or it can be an injury waiting to happen. Let’s use four questions to dive into the training theory behind track workouts.
Use these five shorter workouts to build the physiological adaptations for the bigger efforts to come later.
It's okay for the first mile of your run to be the slowest. In fact, physiology says that might be the best way to begin.
Tough workouts to help you get race-day ready.
According to a new study, overtraining and underfueling share pathways, symptoms, and diagnostic complexities. Those connections have important implications for long-term adaptation and health.
As runners, should we really be stretching? And if so, how much, what kind, and when?
Winter running can be dreary, with a pause in racing and abundance of inclement weather. But there are ways to make the most of those cold months.
Easy, silly ways to make your next run more fun.
Yes, we love running. That doesn't mean every run is perfect. Here's how to embrace the suck.
The aging process brings up some difficult questions for all athletes. Talking openly about the age-performance curve can be healthy for everyone.
Check out David Roche's author page.
A recent report in The Oregonian details allegations that the University of Oregon program adjusted training based on body composition readings in repeated DEXA scans. If true, that practice is medically dubious and physiologically wrong.
Check out David Roche's author page.
I know that the goal for easy running is to maintain a conversational pace, but I live in a pretty hilly area. The only way to get my heart rate down is to take walk breaks, but I don't want to do that every time. What do you recommend?
For athletes that are stagnating or regressing, these 6 training interventions can spur adaptation to a new level of fitness.
The off-season is an opportunity. Capture it.
Doubles are an element in most pro-athlete training plans that can help athletes of all levels get faster.